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查单词网资讯
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防火墙IP添加指南_新手必看_Windows与Linux全攻略,一步到位,防火墙IP添加攻略,Windows/Linux全解析
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防火墙IP添加指南_新手必看_Windows与Linux全攻略,一步到位,防火墙IP添加攻略,Windows/Linux全解析
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基础扫盲:防火墙IP白名单到底管啥用?
说白了,防火墙IP白名单就像小区门禁——只让登记过的访客进门。比如你们公司财务系统,总不能谁都能远程登录吧?这时候把办公网络IP加入白名单,黑客从外网就摸不进来了。
三个核心价值:
- 精准防控:银行系统只允许分行IP访问核心数据库,避免跨国攻击
- 降低误 *** :游戏服务器开放特定地区IP,解决普通玩家被误封问题
- 合规必备:医疗系统必须配置IP白名单才能通过等保2.0认证
场景实战:Windows/Linux怎么操作?
Windows系统四步走
打开高级防火墙设置
按住Win+R输入wf.msc
,在「入站规则」右键新建规则。关键点:选"自定义规则"比"端口"更灵活。配置IP过滤条件
在"作用域"页签的「远程IP地址」里,点击"添加"输入具体IP或段(如192.168.1.0/24)。避坑提示:别手抖勾选"任何IP"。设置权限有效期
建议新手先选"仅限公用网络",测试没问题再开"域/专用"。企业用户注意:域控环境下要同步组策略。命名规则有讲究
按"日期_业务_责任人"格式命名,例如"20250506_财务系统_张三"。出问题时排查效率提升70%。
验证方法:
telnet 你的IP 端口号
显示连接成功就说明配置生效。
Linux系统三板斧
方法1:iptables硬核派
iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.100 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPTservice iptables save
解释:允许192.168.1.100通过SSH访问。重点:-A是追加规则,-I是插入规则,别搞混顺序。
方法2:firewalld优雅派
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="202.96.128.86" port protocol="tcp" port="80" accept'firewall-cmd --reload
优势:支持动态更新,不用重启服务。
方法3:hosts.deny剑走偏锋
在/etc/hosts.deny末尾添加:
sshd: ALL EXCEPT 192.168.1.0/24
适用场景:临时封禁所有非指定网段访问。
疑难排解:加了IP还是连不上?
经典三大翻车现场
网卡选择错误
虚拟机环境经常出现——明明加了IP,结果配置在eth0网卡,实际流量走的是eth1。解决方案:用ip addr
查当前在用网卡。协议/端口漏配
加了IP没开端口?试试这条命令查开放端口:
netstat -tuln | grep 端口号
- 路由表闹脾气
特别是云服务器,记得检查安全组规则是否冲突。阿里云ECS用户常栽在这个坑。
终极验证工具:
tcpdump -i eth0 host 你的IP
实时抓包看流量是否到达服务器。
高手秘籍:这些细节90%的人不知道
动态IP处理方案
用DDNS服务绑定域名,在防火墙设置域名白名单。推荐花生壳免费版,每月3次解析够用。批量导入黑科技
准备ip_list.txt文件,执行:
while read ip; do iptables -A INPUT -s $ip -j ACCEPT; done < ip_list.txt
- 时间维度管控
firewalld支持设置生效时段,比如只允许早9点到晚6点访问:
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.1.0/24" service name="http" accept' --timeout=540m
个人经验谈
干了十年运维,总结出三要三不要:
- 要定期审查规则(建议每月1号)
- 要先测试再生效(用--timeout参数)
- 要留应急通道(保留1个管理员IP)
- 不要用全端口开放
- 不要依赖单层防护
- 不要忽略IPv6配置
最近帮某券商做等保整改,发现他们2019年的防火墙规则居然还有效——这种"僵尸规则"最危险!建议大家用iptables-save > rules_backup_日期
定期归档,既合规又安全。
参考资料
- 百度翻译:
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防火墙IP添加指南_新手必看_Windows与Linux全攻略,一步到位,防火墙IP添加攻略,Windows/Linux全解析 - 有道翻译:
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防火墙IP添加指南_新手必看_Windows与Linux全攻略,一步到位,防火墙IP添加攻略,Windows/Linux全解析
热门单词
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subcelestial
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Shinkansen
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suboptimization
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salicin
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sudd
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systaltic
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synodic
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synodal
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syncytial
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symptomology
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symmetrophobia
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Symbionese
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sylphid
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sword-belt
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switchable
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swirly
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swing-shift
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sweet-pea
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sweet-grass
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sweet-briar